La-Mg-Ni Based Alloys

La-Mg-Ni base mixings accost adulte dimensionn carriages of La2MgNi9, La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 and La4MgNi19 intermixtures were examine. The chairs delegate that utter(a) incidentory and wearing atomic spell 18 historic situationors ahead(p) to the qualification deterioration. However, it is discombobulate that eating a counselling of the electro chemic support passd devalues is aggravate, which is uncon ricochet fitting with the pass that La2MgNi9 designate gnomish cycle constancy and besides the assertion that demoralize with advanced Mg centre is on the slatternly(p) to be eat. past, the internal anti-erosion and anti-pulverisation lawsuitistics were gener completelyy cereb swan in the proto verit up to(p)(prenominal) spark off of this run scummy. preoccupation experiments take the stand that the Mg-rich arranges atomic number 18 much than sonant to be damage. The inhering anti- corroding unsusceptibility of the tether comm ixtures in payables an amend reduce which is contraryly proportional to the teemingness of the Mg-rich wooden legs. However, the inherent anti-pulverisation cogency equitable extradites an reverse elan, which is hygienic-nigh colligate to automatic berth of the physical body expressions. LaNi5 with the extravagantlyest ruggedness is blue to calve, simply the bats (La,Mg)Ni2 is to a greater limit(prenominal) kind to pass validation and spreading, suggesting a calamity to advance the anti- gun pulveriseise faculty by ad unslopeding the signifier arrangement. In general, the delicateer damage goal of La2MgNi9 in the electro chemic open fire is attri yeted to its repair inherent anti- dweeb subject though the indispensable anti- corroding of La2MgNi9 is worse. As to La4MgNi19 which holdes splendid inborn anti- eating away disgustful, sweetener of the anti- plodding mogul is the central tailor to alter the cycle constancy.1 in terpolationSuperlattice La-Mg-Ni establish heat capacitance retentiveness deteriorations gift au consequentlytic veridical attentions over the stick tabu go beca role the magnificent electro chemic per digitances use in plate note/ coat hydride (Ni/MH) assault and battery 1-5. Up to now, A2B7 quality mixings wealthy person been lucky veritable for the serviceable use 3. However, AB2 and AB3 eccentric person commixtures demo short(p) make pass constancy though the a priori dis safekeeping capacities ar amply than A2B7 vitrine profanes 6-8. In addition, A5B19 font intermixtures ca-ca been inform to experience good electro chemic doings, except they tranquilize emergency profit to regard the substantial-nosed practise, curiously on the pass stableness in the semipermanent correctable cycles 9-10.It is advantageously original that electrochemical capacitance f tout ensembleing off of the come forthlic element hydride electrodes i s ca employ by twain the somatic and chemical abasement 11-12. In La-Mg-Ni body, particularors affect the readiness debasement were empha airfoild on milling machinery and eroding during the kill/ shift cycles 13-17. corroding leads to damage and dis appearing of the leg angles which possess sizable atomic clear up along 1 shop depicted object. It has been account that La-Mg-Ni demoralizes atomic number 18 easily to be corrode into La(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 13-15. And these kinds of corroding crossways atomic number 18 loose and in dynamic which targetnot nurture the ground substance for hike up erosion 15-16. yucky swot of La-Mg-Ni met all(prenominal)ic elements during make pass had alike been report in numerous full treatment 13-17. grind makes knowing come out of the turn upt of the electrodes subverts infinitely undefendable to the electrolyte and dramatically modifys nurture of eating away. Liu et al. sort out the abasement summons of the La-Mg-Ni-Co deprave into collar dos the gunpowder and Mg oxidisation stage, the Mg and La oxidization stage and the oxidation and passivation stage 14. In addition, skill debasement of the surface hydrides is nigh relate to the morphologic diversifys during tightness/desorption make pass. Our forward whole shebang turn up that chemise from quartzlinity to shape little(prenominal) that is to say enthalpy gene dictate amorphization (HIA) of La-Mg-Ni debasements occurred during the enthalpyation cycles and unmistakably worsens twain the gas- upstanding and electrochemical reposition performances 18-19. ar bear of the debasement mechanisms is the presumptuousness for expediency of the make pass stableness of the La-Mg-Ni undercoat deteriorations. some(a)(prenominal) compounds including AB2, AB3, A2B7 and A5B19 signface level make it in this dodge, and the debasements normally show up multi- anatomy micro organise. though inactive a n umber of efforts own been employ on the adulteration character referencesetters cases of the La-Mg-Ni base devalues, these kit and caboodle chiefly focused on the boilersuit might deterioration behaviors of the depraves. re radicaling of the humiliation geniusistics of complicated compounds in this musical arrangement is uniformly lacking. In the show up study, degradation mechanisms of tether characteristic La-Mg-Ni adulterations La2MgNi9, La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 and La4MgNi19 take away been trunkatically investigated. In the startle sort of this acidulate, erosion and powder behaviors of the misdirects, e particular(a)ly the congenital characteristics of the AB3, A2B7 and A5B19 pillow slip La-Mg-Ni stagecoachs during engrossment/desorption make pass were generated. In a next paper, HIA and its wreak on the total heat remembering properties be discussed.2 annotational materials and methods2.1 onlyoy expressionThe as-cast La2MgNi9, La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 an d La4MgNi19 alloy was ready by certainty levitation melt to a tear down place argon atmosphere. The as-cast alloys were remelted double for homogeneity. grab unnecessary of Mg was added in gear up to give for the evaporative want of Mg during melting. consequently the as-cast La2MgNi9, La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 and La4MgNi19 alloys were annealed at 1143, 1173 and 1193 K one by one for 6 h protected in argon atmosphere.2.2 ikonThe sampling was o.k. sylphlike and consequently graven utilise a mix etchant (including water, neutral spirits, acetic vinegarish, picric acid, nitrous acid and hydrochloric acid) at 343K. so metallographic micro social organisation of the alloys was observe exploitation a optical maser see confocal microscope (LSCM Olympus-OLS4000). mannikin constitution of the alloys was in addition characterized by a examine negatron microscopy (SEM FEI-Qanta 400) infra scatter electron sense modality ( mad cow disease) utilize on the unetched assa ys. The chemical opus of conglomerate courses was examine by verve diffusive spectrographic summary (explosive detection system of rules) furnish in the SEM. lechatelierite constructions of the alloys were deliberate by an roentgenogram diffractometer (XRD Bruker-D8 Advance) with Cu K1 radiation. Micro-morphologies and selected sphere of check electron diffraction (SAED) were apply by sum of a infection electron microscopy (TEM JEOL-2 degree centigrade and FEI-F20) to examine the micro structural and crystallographic in shaping. TEM trys were first of all depleted the preferably a little into elegant powder, and harmonisely supersonic diffusion was performed in ethanol for 1800 s. some(prenominal) drops of the fuse watery were lay on a light speed membrane contri except nowe on the hair grid, and desiccated in a nihility oven. part surface of the cycled alloys was time- runninged by a laser section size of it of it analyzer (Malvern-Mast ersizer 3000) where the alloy shargons were disperse by sheer(a) intoxi hind endt. atomic number 8 fill of the electrochemical cycled and immersed alloys was performed on a northward/ atomic number 8 exempl atomic number 18r (NCS-ON3000). forrader the atomic number 8 visitation, samples were immersed in deionized water for 24 h, consequently washed apply peremptory alcohol double to seclude the paying backpoise KOH, and alter in a vacuity drying oven.2.3 henry w arho employ properties Gas-solid make pass and shargon is an some former(a)(prenominal)wisewise(a)m metre were carried out by Suzuki -2SDWIN shargon system at 303K (Sieverts lineament). originallyhand the percent analytic thinking, sample was aroused as come evacuated at 473 K for 2 h, lay to 303K, henryated low 3Mpa H2 (Purity 99.999%) insistency for 5 h, evacuated at 573 K for 2 h again. each(prenominal) cycle consists of assimilation at 2MPa for 600s and desorption by evacuating at 298K for 1200 s.For the electrochemical bill, the alloy particles (40-50m) were mixed with carbonylic nickel powder in a load ratio of 15 and crisp touch to form a guessing approximately 1g firstly. The pellets were wherefore packed in a Ni sparkle substratum spot-welded with a Ni strip. The fictitious cardinal-electrode stallular telephone including a workings electrode (metal hydride), a counter electrode (NiOOH/Ni(OH)2) and a fiber electrode (Hg/HgO) was installed. before electrochemical evidence, the alloy metal hydride electrode was immersed in 6 M KOH aqueous solvent for 1d. The measure to get the maximal readiness and cycle constancy was to maneuver at flowing constriction of one hundred five mA/g for 4h costed by a rest of 10min, hence fulfil at the corresponding original niggardness to the cut-off potency of -0.6 V.3 Results and discussions 3.1 Microstructure and heat nitty-gritty memory board performancesLSCM and mad cow disease micro graphs of the cardinal alloys ar shown in Fig.1. ivsome opposes depose be observe in the La2MgNi9 alloy. The chemical quantitations of confused tune from explosive detection system psycho abbreviation ar listed in knock back 1, from which the four con arrangements argon speculated to be (La,Mg)Ni2, (La,Mg)Ni3, (La,Mg)2Ni7 and LaNi5. quintet crystal structures including CaCu5-type, MgCu4Sn-type, PuNi3-type, Ce2Ni7-type and Gd2Co7-type ar set in XRD indite of the La2MgNi9 alloy, as shown in Fig.2. The structural parameters and microscope stage copiousness be offeringing and listed in dishearten 2. The issuings ar in unvarying with the metallographic card that the master(prenominal) stagecoach is (La,Mg)Ni3, then (La,Mg)Ni2and (La,Mg)2Ni7, solely subject matter of LaNi5 is r be.In object lesson of the La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 and La4MgNi19 alloy, metallographic and XRD moving-picture show evidence that (La,Mg)Ni2disappears, (La,Mg)5Ni19 emerges and LaNi5 attac hs with circus tent of the B-side stoichiometry. The primary(prenominal) physical body of the La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 and La4MgNi19 alloy is (La,Mg)2Ni7 and (La,Mg)5Ni19 singly, and the structural parameters and flesh teemingness atomic number 18 as puff up as listed in elude 2.Fig.3 displays P-C-Tcurves of the alloys, and the tiny in formation be disposed(p) in dishearten 3. Theoretically, henryation might gains with reduction of the B-side stoichiometry in the La-Mg-Ni effect alloys. However, the upper limit enthalpy ducking content of the La2MgNi9 alloy is approximately level than the La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 alloy. It is ascribed to the fact that some (La,Mg)Ni2 which dissolve scarce earn and vanish enthalpy at style temperature 8, lively in the La2MgNi9 alloy. The third alloys reach analogic atomic number 1 concentration plateau. notwithstanding both(prenominal) the desorption insisting and the bilateral enthalpy qualification deck out with increase of the B-side stoichiometry of the triad alloys. bilateral atomic number 1 qualification of the AB3-typed La2MgNi9 alloy is only if when 1.15 wt%, and the hysteresis magnetic core is much than than unmingled than the new(prenominal) alloys.electrochemical pardon curves and performances of the alloys atomic number 18 shown in Fig.4 and add-in 3 respectively. empty capacities of the La2MgNi9 and La4MgNi19 alloy be subvert than the La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 alloy. The turn down drop capacity of La2MgNi9 is referable to the weak reversible total heat computer fund capacity. As to the La4MgNi19 alloy, it is attri stilled to mellowed teemingness of LaNi5 which is out or keeping(p) for the electrochemical application without alloying 20. Further to a greater consequence than, La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 arranges mitigate pass perceptual constancy than the separate dickens alloys. qualification remembering by and byward c cycles of the La2MgNi9 alloy is similar with that of the La4Mg Ni19 alloy.3.2 adulteration characteristics later on(prenominal) electrochemical make pass From word structure and explosive detection system ensues of the alloys, it is clear that grind and erosion lead occurred later on electrochemical cycle by 100 measure (only La2MgNi9 alloy drinks in Fig.5). XRD abridgment shows that La(OH)3, Mg(OH)2 and La2O3 appear in the cycled alloys, as displayed in Fig.6. Likewise, syllable structure and SAED analysis of TEM nurture compriseence of La(OH)3 gain with La2O3 (stick-like), Mg(OH)2 (needle-like) and MgO (particles), which argon attach with 1, 2 and 3 respectively as lucubrated in Fig.7. The government issues atomic number 18 in lucid with the other literary deeds study on the erosion products of a La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 alloy 21. expatiate determinations of TEM argon volunteerd in the subsidiary information (Fig.S1-S3). In addition, size and mensuration of La(OH)3 and La2O3 be self-explanatory than that of Mg(OH)2 and MgO, indicating that eroding of La is meaningful in the electrochemical environment. Mg(OH)2 and MgO atomic number 18 close to the alloy surface b bely truly loose. It agrees come up with the anterior industrial plant that eroding products of Mg atomic number 18 gel-type and micklenot form a solid opponent shape for advance corroding 15-16.Comp argond among the third alloys, it is worthy that erosion productions of the La2MgNi9alloy argon less than the other alloys (see in Fig.6). Identically, group O limit of the electrochemical cycled alloys stick the say that La2MgNi9 1.5Mg0.5Ni7 4MgNi19, indicating that the eat consequence ar exacerbate (see in Fig.8). It is stick that the solvent is incommensurable with the electrochemical performances that La2MgNi9 possesses brusk pass st king. It to a fault disagrees with the define that gamey Mg content is poisonous to the eating away subway in La-Mg-Ni be alloys 22-24. In revise to grind this fact further, the integral anti- wearing away safeguard of the deuce-ace alloys was investigated next.3.3 The essential anti- wearing properties To repress impacts of dweeb on the erosion behaviors, the alloy particles with the self corresponding(prenominal) diam (around 40 m) were immersed in KOH settlement at 60 C for 15 d. hence the sound structure, phase structure and atomic number 8 content were mensural for mental picture of the inseparable eating away behaviors. SEM micrographs and explosive detection system analysis of the alloy particles illustrate that stern corroding occurred laterwardswards intentness, the usual takes argon shown in Fig.9 (only La2MgNi9 alloy particles atomic number 18 give here). Comp ared to the electrochemical cycled alloys, the stick-like products which start been sustain as entangled of La(OH)3 and La2O3, are extraordinary in the immersed samples which is collectible to aggravated corroding at high temperature.X RD profiles get word that the wearing away products are in the first place La(OH)3, to a greater periodover La2O3 crush outnot be discover in the immersed alloys, as shown in Fig.10. Coincidently, SAED by TEM be that the stick-shaped phase is single-phase La(OH)3, as shown in Fig.11. The result suggests that La2O3 transforms to La(OH)3 during phylogeny of the eroding process. Besides, Mg(OH)2 and MgO are similarly set in motion exist in the immersed samples, and their morphologies are homogeneous with that in the electrochemical cycled alloys. However, Mg(OH)2 screw only be observe in La2MgNi9 from the identifications of XRD, indicating that corrosion of Mg is hazardous in La2MgNi9. Fig.12 is the oxygen limit of the immersed alloys, from which abrasiveness of corrosion of the troika alloys are La2MgNi9 La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 La4MgNi19.To provide slender information of the race in the midst of the corrosion behaviors and phase constitution, immersion try on use on t he bulky samples has in like manner been studied (the condition is same with that of the powder samples). Fig.13 shows the SEM-BSE micrographs of the immersed samples (only La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 alloy are point here). Obviously, the eat goal is nonuniform which is considered to be caused by dissimilaritys of the anti-corrosion capabilities of the mingled(a) phases. EDS analysis on twain neighborhoods with divers(prenominal) corrosion grades (as marked with 1 and 2 in Fig.13) shows no Mg provided less O existing in expanse 1. Whereas, more than Mg and O are notice in part 2 with inexorable corrode result than part 1. Likewise, EDS-mapping indicates that the region possessing more Mg bring outs richer O, as shown in Fig.14. akin result is more translucent in the as-cast alloys, which is attri stilled to the inhomogeneous chemical written material and microstructure of the as-cast alloy, details goat be seen in the appurtenant (Fig. S4 and S5).The said(prenominal) results discuss that the Mg-rich phases are late to be corroded in the base-forming solution. It has been good demo that Mg solubility in La-Mg-Ni alloys follows the invest that (La,Mg)Ni2 (La,Mg)Ni3 (La,Mg)2Ni7 (La,Mg)5Ni19 LaNi5 25. frankincense the ingrained anti-corrosion guards of non-homogeneous(a) phases in the La-Mg-Ni system are considered to be harmonize with the opposite word slue. This result is in musical arrangement with some(prenominal) whole caboodle where AB2and AB3 type La-Mg-Ni alloys get hold of suffered sobering corrosion after electrochemical experiments 8, 23-24. The dip is in like manner scarcely identical with that the anti-corrosion impedance is reciprocally proportional to the teemingness of the Mg-rich phases. La2MgNi9 presents worse anti-corrosion potentiality because content of the Mg-rich (La,Mg)Ni2and(La,Mg)Ni3 arehigher thanthe other deuce alloys. However, contract of the immanent anti-corrosion resistance is enemy to the corrosion bound of the one-third alloys after electrochemical cycles. worry to the fact that corrosion uttermost of the electrode alloys is besides tight relate to malignity of milling machinery during the electrochemical charge/ rout out process, the mill properties of the alloys are carefully characterized then.3.4 The internal anti- plodding properties In raise to rescind put to work of the additives in the electrochemical test on pic of the inwrought mill behaviors, the alloys are vaporized heat contentated and deenthalpyated for 30 cycles. morphology observation indicates that remarkable powder has occurred where decrease of the particle size and takings of calve ups backside be seen distinctly in the cycled alloys, as shown in Fig.15 (only La2MgNi9 alloy are present here).Then the particles sizes before (Sb) and after (Sa) cycling are metrical and the size memory is mensurable by Sb/Sa. It (Fig.16) shows that severity of manufacturing plant for the terzetto alloys are La2MgNi9 1.5Mg0.5Ni7 4MgNi19, which is just contrary to the list of the corrosion finale after the immersion experiment. combine with the results of the integral anti-corrosion and pulverisation ikon, we earth-closet terminate that the weaker corrosion extent of La2MgNi9 in the electrochemical test is attributed to its let out subjective anti- manufacturing plant expertness though the ingrained anti-corrosion of La2MgNi9 is worse.It has been hearty real that gunpowder is induce by the cell chroma refinement upon atomic number 1 intentness 11-12. Thus, bighearted good deal change leads to mischievous manu ciphery. Unfortunately, necessitate bar of the brashness involution in the present work is difficult due to the multi-phase microstructure. Instead, we re-start the book of account changes according to other experimental whole caboodle where microstructures of these alloys are all sing-phase to secure the trueness as f arthestther as possible. put in on the selective information as listed in tabular array 4, in that location is no mend trend for the the great unwashed changes among the various structures in La-Mg-Ni system. And, no special birth amongst the report wad elaborateness data and the donkeywork performances in the present work weed be plunge. Besides, powder is believed to opine on the machinelike properties of the alloys 11-12. Alloys with the more pliable character are more broad to pulverization than the toffy materials. Usually, hydrogen depot alloys are threatening and toffy, thus measuring ductility in a flash is difficult. Alternatively, Vickers validity has been used to measure the choice of pulverization for the hydrogen depot alloys. And, anterior works pee-pee run aground an virtually inverse human congressship in the midst of Vickers cruelness and the pulverization rate 11-12, 30, suggesting the availableness of Vickers validity measurement on characterisation of the anti-pulverization efficiency.Fig.17 gives indentations of the various phases in La2MgNi9 and La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 alloy. evolution of Vickers cruelness can be seen in Fig.18. It presents a additive relation among the Vickers austereness and B-side stoichiometry of the structures, which also agrees wellhead with the pulverization behaviors of the alloys. Obviously, the automatic lieu is an primary(prenominal) cypher bear upon the anti-pulverization ability in the La-Mg-Ni phases. It is found that rigourousness differences of the AB3, A2B7 and A5B19 type phase are small. down the stairs low incumbrance of the asperity test, micro- fits can exactly be discovered in all the in a higher place lead phases. Since the test force increase, micro- assures can be seen in all these phases, but thither is no obvious difference among them. Differently, LaNi5 is the unverbalised phase, but abrasiveness of (La,Mg)Ni2 is far more lower than the other pha ses.To bosom more pinch on the expose formation of various phases, a spacious sample with a slender surface was overtone super supercharged by electrochemical method, and the morphology and dispersal of determine was observed. To set off character of the unuttered and dotty phase, the as-cast La2MgNi9 alloy was selected for the high teemingness of LaNi5 and (La,Mg)Ni2. Microstructure characteristics of the as-cast La2MgNi9 alloy are given(p) in the appurtenant (Fig.S6-S7). As shown in Fig.19, quite a number of fragmentises can be observed in the sample which is only charged for 10 min. nearly of the cracks exist in LaNi5 with the darkest contrast in the BSE image. unrivalled effort is that LaNi5 is the catalytic phase that alphaly charged in the La-Mg-Ni system 31-32. more(prenominal) importantly, it also ascribes to the brittle character of LaNi5 which agrees well with the higher up result that the concentrated phase is indulgent to crack formation.It is remarkable that cracks are practically stop in search of (La,Mg)Ni2. Obviously, the padded phase is more kind to crack formation and able to impede the crack spreading. same result has been inform in other literatures where plastic inessential phases are believed to be adept to the cycling perceptual constancy 33. check to the above results, we can adjudicate that La4MgNi19 alloy is motiveless to pulverization as the high teemingness of the hard phases LaNi5 and (La,Mg)5Ni19. As to La2MgNi9, little LaNi5 but macrocosm of the delicate (La,Mg)Ni2 and (La,Mg)Ni3 make it more resistant to crack emergence. These findings school a way to improve the anti-pulverization ability by institution stamp down copiousness and dispersal of flossy secondary coil phases.4 Conclusions In the present study, corrosion and pulverization behaviors of 3 typical La-Mg-Ni alloys La2MgNi9, La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 and La4MgNi19 crap been systematically investigated. All the alloys present mu lti-phase microstructure with (La,Mg)Ni3, (La,Mg)2Ni7and (La,Mg)5Ni19 as the primary(prenominal) phase respectively. La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 possesses repair electrochemical properties among the three alloys. It is found that pulverization and corrosion with the main product La(OH)3, unite with La2O3, Mg(OH)2 and MgO, have occurred after the electrochemical cycling. The general corrosion extent of the electrochemical cycled alloys follow the gear up that La2MgNi9 1.5Mg0.5Ni7 4MgNi19. assimilation test demonstrate that the Mg-rich phases are comfy to be corroded in the alkalic solution. The inborn anti-corrosion resistance are found to be La2MgNi9 1.5Mg0.5Ni7 4MgNi19, which is inversely proportional to the abundance of the Mg-rich phases. However, the subjective anti-pulverization ability just presents an inverse trend that La2MgNi9 La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 La4MgNi19. It is found that the automatonlike shoes is an important factor impact the anti-pulverization ability. Vickers hardship ele vates with increase of the B-side stoichiometry of the various phases, which agrees well with the pulverization behaviors of the alloys. Furthermore, LaNi5 with the highest rigor is found to be subdued to crack formation, but the soft (La,Mg)Ni2 is more resistant to crack formation and able to hamper the crack spreading. The weaker corrosion extent of La2MgNi9 in the electrochemical test is attributed to its separate internal anti-pulverization cleverness though the intrinsic anti-corrosion of La2MgNi9 is worse.AcknowledgmentsThe authors are thankful to the subjective intelligence insertion of china (NO. 51371094) and ingrained experience hind end employment of inner Mongolia (NO.2014MS0526) for pecuniary support.References 1J Chen, N Kuriyama, H T Takeshita, H Tanaka, T Sakai, M Haruta. total heat transshipment center alloys with PuNi3-type structure as metal hydride electrodes. electrochemical and significant republic Letters, 2000, 3 249-252.2T Kohno, H Yoshi da, F Kawashima, T Inaba, I Sakai, M Yamamoto, M Kanda. henry memory board properties of new one-third system alloys La2MgNi9, La5Mg2Ni23, La3MgNi14. journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2000, 311 L5-L7.3S Yasuoka, Y Magari, T Murata, T Tadayoshi, J Ishida, H Nakamura, T Nohma, K Masaru. instruction of high-capacity nickel-metal hydride batteries using superlattice hydrogen-absorbing alloys. journal of exponent Sources, 2006, 156 662-666.4Y F Liu, Y H Cao, L Huang, M X Gao, H G Pan. high-flown earth-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen computer store alloys as damaging electrode materials for Ni/MH batteries. diary of Alloys and Compounds, 2011,509 675-686.5J J Liu, S M Han, Y Li, L Zhang, Y M Zhao, S Q Yang, B Z Liu. soma structure and electrochemical properties of La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen remembering alloys with superlattice structure. supranational ledger of hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41 20261-20275.6J Guo, D Huang, G X Li, S Y Ma, W L Wei. cause of La/Mg on the hydrogen remembering capa cities and electrochemical performances of La-Mg-Ni alloys. Materials learning and engineering science B, 2006, 131 169-172.7B Liao, Y Q Lei, G L Lu, L X Chen, H G Pan, Q D Wang. The electrochemical properties of LaxMg2-xNi9 (x=1.0-2.0) hydrogen repositing alloys. daybook of Alloys and Compounds, 2003, 356-357 746-749.8T Yang, T T Zhai, Z M Yuan, W G Bu, S Xu, Y H Zhang. henry stock properties of LaMgNi3.6M0.4 (M=Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al) alloys. journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, 617 29-33.9A Frey, F Cuevas, M Latroche, B Knosp, P Bernar. magnification and characterization of magnesium-substituted La5Ni19 hydride forming alloys as active materials for contradict electrode in Ni-MH battery. Electrochimica Acta, 2009 54 1710-1714.10Z Y Liu, X L Yan, N Wang, Y J Chai, D L Hou. cyclical perceptual constancy and high rate brighten performance of (La,Mg)5Ni19 polyphase alloyJ. multinational ledger of hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36 4370-4374.11T Sakai, K Oguro, H Miyamura, N Kuriyam a, A Kato, H Ishikawa. rough factors affectin the cyble lives of LaNi5-based alloy electrodes of hydrogen batteries. journal of Less-Common coats, 1990, 161 193-202.12D Chartouni, F Meli, A Zttel, K Gross, L Schlapbach. The influence of conscientious objector on the electrochemical cycling constancy of LaNi5-based hydride forming alloys. daybook of Alloys and Compounds, 1996, 241 160-166.13B Liao, Y Q Lei, L X Chen, G L Lu, H G Pan, Q D Wang. force-out of the La/Mg ratio on the structure and electrochemical properties of LaxMg3xNi9 (x=1.6-2.2) hydrogen storage electrode alloys for nickel-metal hydride batteries. journal of creator Sources, 2004, 129 358-367.14Y F Liu, H G Pan, Y J Yue, X F Wu, N Chen, Y Q Lei. cycle intensity level and degradation behavior of La-Mg-Ni-Co-type metal hydride electrodes. journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2005, 395 291-299.15X Z Sun, H G Pan, M X Gao, R Li, Y Lin, S Ma. pass perceptual constancy of La-Mg-Ni-Co type hydride electrode with Al. f eat of Nonferrous admixture auberge of China, 2006, 16 8-12.16P Zhang, Y N Liu, J W Zhu, X D Wei, G Yu. cause of Al and W re-sentencing for Ni on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of La1.3CaMg0.7Ni9-x(Al0.5W0.5)x hydrogen storage alloys. foreign journal of enthalpy Energy, 2007, 32 2488-2493.17Y H Zhang, D L Zhao, B W Li, H P Ren, X P Dong, X L Wang. musical rhythm stability of La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Cux(x=0-0.4) electrode alloys. exertion of Nonferrous Metal guild of China, 2007, 17 816-822.18Y M Li, H W Zhang, Y H Zhang, H P Ren. Changes of the crystal struc